Java 教程是为 JDK 8 编写的。本页中描述的示例和实践未利用在后续版本中引入的改进。
问题:以下 string builder 的初始容量是多少?
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Able was I ere I saw Elba.");
答案:初始字符串的长度+ 16:26 + 16 = 42。
请考虑以下字符串:
String hannah = "Did Hannah see bees? Hannah did.";
问题:表达式 hannah.length()
显示的值是多少?
答案:32.
问题:方法调用 hannah.charAt(12)
返回的值是多少?
答案:e
.
问题:写一个表达式,引用 hannah
引用的字符串中的字母 b
。
答案:hannah.charAt(15)
.
问题:下面的表达式返回的字符串有多长?该字符串是什么?
"Was it a car or a cat I saw?".substring(9, 12)
答案:长度为 3 个字符:car
。它不包括 car 后的空间。
问题:在以下程序中,名为 ComputeResult
,每个编号行执行后 result
的值是多少?
public class ComputeResult { public static void main(String[] args) { String original = "software"; StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder("hi"); int index = original.indexOf('a'); /*1*/ result.setCharAt(0, original.charAt(0)); /*2*/ result.setCharAt(1, original.charAt(original.length()-1)); /*3*/ result.insert(1, original.charAt(4)); /*4*/ result.append(original.substring(1,4)); /*5*/ result.insert(3, (original.substring(index, index+2) + " ")); System.out.println(result); } }
答案:
练习:显示两种方法将以下两个字符串连接在一起以获取字符串 "Hi, mom."
:
String hi = "Hi, "; String mom = "mom.";
答案:hi.concat(mom)
和 hi + mom
。
练习:编写一个程序,用你的全名计算首字母并显示它们。
public class ComputeInitials { public static void main(String[] args) { String myName = "Fred F. Flintstone"; StringBuffer myInitials = new StringBuffer(); int length = myName.length(); for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) { if (Character.isUpperCase(myName.charAt(i))) { myInitials.append(myName.charAt(i)); } } System.out.println("My initials are: " + myInitials); } }
练习:变位词(anagram)是通过转换另一个单词或短语的字母而形成的单词或短语;例如,"parliament" 是 "partial men" 的变位词,"software" 是 "swear oft" 的变位词。编写一个程序,确定一个字符串是否是另一个字符串的变位词。该程序应忽略空格和标点符号。
答案:Anagram
public class Anagram { public static boolean areAnagrams(String string1, String string2) { String workingCopy1 = removeJunk(string1); String workingCopy2 = removeJunk(string2); workingCopy1 = workingCopy1.toLowerCase(); workingCopy2 = workingCopy2.toLowerCase(); workingCopy1 = sort(workingCopy1); workingCopy2 = sort(workingCopy2); return workingCopy1.equals(workingCopy2); } protected static String removeJunk(String string) { int i, len = string.length(); StringBuilder dest = new StringBuilder(len); char c; for (i = (len - 1); i >= 0; i--) { c = string.charAt(i); if (Character.isLetter(c)) { dest.append(c); } } return dest.toString(); } protected static String sort(String string) { char[] charArray = string.toCharArray(); java.util.Arrays.sort(charArray); return new String(charArray); } public static void main(String[] args) { String string1 = "Cosmo and Laine:"; String string2 = "Maid, clean soon!"; System.out.println(); System.out.println("Testing whether the following " + "strings are anagrams:"); System.out.println(" String 1: " + string1); System.out.println(" String 2: " + string2); System.out.println(); if (areAnagrams(string1, string2)) { System.out.println("They ARE anagrams!"); } else { System.out.println("They are NOT anagrams!"); } System.out.println(); } }