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PatternSyntaxException 类的方法
Trail: Essential Classes
Lesson: Regular Expressions

PatternSyntaxException 类的方法

PatternSyntaxException 是非检查型异常,表示正则表达式模式中的语法错误。PatternSyntaxException 类提供以下方法来帮助你确定出错的地方:

以下源代码 RegexTestHarness2.java 更新我们的测试工具以检查格式错误的正则表达式:


import java.io.Console;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.PatternSyntaxException;

public class RegexTestHarness2 {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        Pattern pattern = null;
        Matcher matcher = null;

        Console console = System.console();
        if (console == null) {
            System.err.println("No console.");
            System.exit(1);
        }
        while (true) {
            try{
                pattern = 
                Pattern.compile(console.readLine("%nEnter your regex: "));

                matcher = 
                pattern.matcher(console.readLine("Enter input string to search: "));
            }
            catch(PatternSyntaxException pse){
                console.format("There is a problem" +
                               " with the regular expression!%n");
                console.format("The pattern in question is: %s%n",
                               pse.getPattern());
                console.format("The description is: %s%n",
                               pse.getDescription());
                console.format("The message is: %s%n",
                               pse.getMessage());
                console.format("The index is: %s%n",
                               pse.getIndex());
                System.exit(0);
            }
            boolean found = false;
            while (matcher.find()) {
                console.format("I found the text" +
                    " \"%s\" starting at " +
                    "index %d and ending at index %d.%n",
                    matcher.group(),
                    matcher.start(),
                    matcher.end());
                found = true;
            }
            if(!found){
                console.format("No match found.%n");
            }
        }
    }
}

要运行此测试,请输入 ?i)foo 作为正则表达式。这个错误是程序员忘记嵌入式标志表达式 (?i) 中的左括号的常见情况。这样做会产生以下结果:

Enter your regex: ?i)
There is a problem with the regular expression!
The pattern in question is: ?i)
The description is: Dangling meta character '?'
The message is: Dangling meta character '?' near index 0
?i)
^
The index is: 0

从这个输出中,我们可以看到语法错误是索引 0 处的悬空元字符(问号)。缺少左括号是罪魁祸首。


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